This inequality is accepted by the people. 4 – Masculinity index (MAS) for 50 countries and 3 regions (Hofstede, 1997: 84) He also developed the power distance index to determine if a country has high, low, or moderate power distance. indulgence vs. 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the factors that affect obedience, What are the factors that affect obedience in letters, What did giligan say men act upon and more. 0 (2 reviews) Which of the following statements regarding power distance and teams is correct? People in high power distance countries expect unequal power distribution in the social, political and economic areas. 그는 1967년부터 1973년 동안 세계의 각국(70여국 이상)에 직원을 두고 있는 IBM 직원들을 대상으로 각국의 문화적. Individualism index: The index measure the extent to which a society is individualistic. The cultural belief that inequalities in power, status, and rank are natural and that these differences should be acknowledged and accentuated. Hofstede’s PDI is lower in organizations where executives work closely with subordinates and higher in places with a strong. She’s been designated as an Emerging Guru in the field of leadership by The Times in London. 1. Cultures with high PDI scores tend to be hierarchical and value power and social status 3. The Power distance index measures the degree of hierarchy and focus of power and authority in the society (Hofstede et al. consumer. Power Distance Index and Corruption. In short, the index measures the extent to which subordinates accept or challenge the authority of the people in charge. Comparatively Japan has an intermediate power distance score, high scores for masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation and are collectivists and restrained. Power Distance Index (PDI) A. Those who are considering commercial use should contact us. Eq. Collectivism. society is differentiated into classes. b. (Power Distance Index) of Asian countries is 64, but the PDI of China is 80 (Hofstede Insights, n. Australia has an index of 51; thus have strict laws and measures and offers structured circumstances and employees tend to remain longer. Started in California, Disneyland is an American theme park. For example, in countries with high power distance, parents may expect children to obey without questioning their authority. According to Geert Hofstede’s 5 dimensions China is located in the higher ranking. The Power Distance index measures the degree of social inequality. Flexible Time. Mkt. For instance, Guatemala has a score of 95 while Israel scores 13 with a very low power distance, whereas the United States stands somewhere in between with a score of 40. The extent to which individual countries share key dimensions depends on a number of factors, such as. Question: Explain what Hofstede’s power distance dimension measures and give an example of a high and low power distance culture. Manhattan Distance: This determines the absolute difference among the pair of the coordinates. Power distance index (PDI) is an assessment of the extent to which a society accepts the unequal distribution of power. The three items that compose the power distance index were non-managerial employees’ perception of the frequency of employees being afraid to express disagreement with the managers, subordinates perception of the boss’ decision-making style, and subordinates preference for boss’ decision-making style. sav (SPSS) format, the base culture data for six dimensions of culture as presented in Cultures and Organizations 3rd edition 2010. The method to calculate the power distance index is provided in details in the two versions of . All of the statements above are true; none are false, b. Individuals from cultures high on power distance display pride more readily after an achievement, such as winning a medal in the Olympics d. Suppose we have two points P and Q to determine the distance between these points we simply have to calculate the perpendicular distance of the points from X-Axis and Y-Axis. Psychologist Geert Hofstede theorized the notion of the “power-distance index” (PDI). Hofstede's Power Distance: Definition & Examples; Comparing Low & High Power Distance Cultural Communications; Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory; Cultural Differences in Negotiations and ConflictsPower distance is a measure of power dynamics; the differences in relative power between superiors and subordinates…. A country that has high power index indicates that it has a strong concept regarding societal hierarchy,. Key Takeaways. Collectivism. Cultures with high PDI scores have clear distinctions between superiors and subordinates and understand and accept that power rests with superiors. Researchers wishing to work with our. The power distance index considers the extent to which power and inequality are tolerated by followers. Some consider the PDI of a comparison between the "haves" and have nots". rituals . Power Distance Index. 1 – Power distance index. High power distances cause politicians and business executives to be distant or alienated from others, and lower-ranking citizens and. Preference for assertiveness or cooperation. The other measures include: Uncertainty avoidance. A sample of Hong Kong employees was used to test the hypotheses that power-distance orientation and gender moderate the relationships between justice perceptions and the evaluation of authorities (trust in supervisor) and the organization (contract fulfillment). Low power distance. There’s just one step to solve this. by Willie Tan. Trade agreement. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. A low uncertainty avoidance index indicates a high tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. can be tolerated by the staff in the lower management level. The paper presents a calculation for the values of power distance index in the countries of. >the value of dignity and respect a person gets from society. ”In addition, the three countries under study diverge on other dimensions, such as individualism (vs. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The power distance index (PDI), developed by Dutch social psychologist GEERT HOFSTEDE, is an index that measures the distribution of power and wealth between individuals in a business, culture, or. singh Power Distance Index. In high-power distance index countries, employees are often afraid to express disagreement. safety measures, and a belief in absolute truth. “. It is a measure of the extent to which members of a society accept that power is unequally distributed and accept the unequal power relationships between people. This dimension is essentially a measure of. High Power distance. collectivism; Masculinity vs. The index formula is PDI = –35m(03) +35m(06) +25m(14) –20m(17) –20 in which m(03) is the mean score for question 03, etc. Step 2. User Research Methods. Individualism vs. Today, Hofstede’s methodology and the. power seen as providing social order. China is a superpower in Asia. In Asian cultures people are more relaxed about social status and the appearance of power. Hofstede’s scores range from 100 (the highest power distance) to 0 (the lowest). The index normally has a value between 0 (small Power Distance) and 100 (large Power Distance), but values below 0 and above 100 are technically possible. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Power Distance Index, long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance and more. Compared to their ancestors of World War II, a new generation of Germans has grown up believing that people should be treated equally in all aspects of life. Power distance index (PDI): The power distance index is defined as "the extent to which the less powerful. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as mush as by the leaders. | uncertainty avoidance. The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture C. Canada ranks 39 on the PDI, while India ranks 77. Measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity. Riding on this wave of success, Walt Disney ventured into Europe opening the first theme park in France. High power distance stands for an unequal distribution of power; low power distance stands for equally distributed power. The greater in UAI, the less risk people are willing to takeStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Power Distance Index, Individualism vs. g. The person from China or Mexico, two countries that measure high on the Power Distance Index (China, 80 and Mexico, 81!), will be more likely to go with whatever the. The first of Hofstede cultural dimensions, the power distance index, is a measurement which reflects how comfortable a society is with power inequality, authority, hierarchy and inequality. Power distance measures a degree to which less powerful members of organizations can accept uneven distribution of power. The power distance index (PDI) is a sociological measure that indicates the extent to which less powerful members of a group accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Kate Sweetman is founder and Chief Client Officer of SweetmanCragun. power seen as providing social order. individualism vs. Cultures Crossing offers cross-cultural simulations which allow (business) students at many levels to. Power Distance. the extent to which a community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges. In countries with high power distance index employees are not willing to express their feelings, doubts and disagreements. Power distance index (credited to G H Hofstede) measures the extent to which the less powerful members of the society accept or expect power to be distributed unequally. PDI has had a substantial influence on international business training. . uncertainty avoidance index. Sweden has a low PDI score of 31, indicating a relatively equal distribution of power and a society that values equality and fairness. The 4th dimensions are composed by; the power distance index, the individualism index, the masculinity index and the Uncertainty Avoidance. Is one of the attributes of national cultures identified by Geert Hofstede. It is a measure of the extent to which members of a. Basically, they have a PDI score of 80-100. Question topics include the developer's background and the importance of the power distance theory. For commercial use and access to granular cultural data (e. Hofstede's scores range from 100 (the highest power distance) to 0 (the lowest). Low. The following are types of power distance index: Vertical PDI. One example is a company with a very formal organizational structure where you have workers, managers, middle managers, executives, and an executive board. Abstract: Devised in the 1970s by Dutch business theorist Geert Hofstede, the power distance index (PDI) measures people’s attitudes toward inequality in a. Power Distance measures the distribution of power between the people in the nation and the businesses’ and culture. Members within a power network may accept or reject the power distance within an. I believe that the importance of PDI analysis t be can’ overstated due to the fact that, if taken into thoughtful consideration, the index can revealpreferences like power distance index were developed and validated. Cultures with high PDI scores tend to be hierarchical and value power and social status 3. 5. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Cultural Distance, Administrative Distance, Economic Distance and more. The concept, is used in cultural studies to understand the relationship between individuals with varying power, and the effect this has on society. Power distance. I t is . A correlation at. Abstract: Devised in the 1970s by Dutch business theorist Geert Hofstede, the power distance index (PDI) measures people’s attitudes toward inequality in a given society. Denmark. Click the card to flip 👆. for Power Distance Index, C(ic) for Individualism Index. China belongs to a high power distance culture. Cultures Crossing offers cross-cultural simulations which allow (business) students at many levels to. The authors analyzed public speeches made by. 2. Table 6. 11 Elements of Culture (3 of 4) Rituals patterns of behavior and. Very high Germany is somewhat in the middle between. The Power Distance Index of the United States is relatively low, indicating a society with a relatively equal. Markets are the result of culture. Power distance index measures the distribution of power and wealth between individuals in a business, culture, or nation. High PDI cultures tend to be hierarchical, with members citing social roles, manipulation, and inheritance as sources of power and social status. High PDI Countries. Taking a social identity perspective, we investigated how leader social support in teams impacts the relationship between power distance orientation and perceived insider status in China. long-term orientation. 1. Correlations between Hofstede's dimensions of power distance and uncertainty avoidance and selected indicators of the Human Development Report (HDR) were analyzed. The measure of how much one currency is worth in relation to another. chosen as the central question for measuring power distance (Hofstede 2001: 53). measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. Hofstede’s Power distance Index above measures “the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. According to “Clearly Cultural” Hofstede’s Power Distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organization accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. High PDI cultures the those who hold power are entitled to privileges 4. The Power Distance Index (PDI) is an important part of the Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimension, which was developed by Dutch researcher Geert Hofstede. high power distance. The power gap index measures how much weaker members of a group or institution, such a family, accept and expect that power is not divided fairly. An online intercultural training game that tests your intercultural knowledge and increases your cultural competence for living and working in a global environment. 권력거리지수 PDI (Power Distance Index) Geert Hofstede 교수는 네덜란드 Maastricht University 에서 국제경영학을 가르치는 교수이고, 현재는 퇴직한 명예교수이다. 1. society is differentiated into classes. View full document. In contrast, Denmark is considered to be a low power distance culture with a power distance index of 18. 4) Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low). indulgence vs. B) In Asian cultures people are more relaxed about social status and the appearance of power. Typically, highly structured businesses have high indices. For example, democratic countries typically have low power distance because everyone has an equal share in decisions, while high power distance is best characterized by monarchies and dictatorships where only a few have access to power and others are removed from decision-making. “Power distance can therefore be defined as the extent to which the less powerful members ofThe power-distance index measures the degree to which the individuals from a group or society acknowledge the hierarchy of power and authority. How much will you pay if you have 646 minutes of long distance calls for the month?Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Porter's Diamond Theory, Entrepreneurship, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory and more. masculinity vs. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power Distance. As (Table 1) shows, many of the emerging markets in regions such as Asia and Latin America, such as India, Brazil, and Mexico, all have high power distance scores. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Power Distance. To begin with, power distance index measures to what extent people in the culture tolerate the power and unequal distribution. It also shows high respect for rank and authority. . Power Distance Index (PDI) measures the tolerance of social inequality, that is, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. 3. Japan has a higher power distance score than Australia and is thus more. Individualism Versus Collectivism. To measure the degree of power distance in a country, researchers have come up with a scale called, aptly, the Power Distance Index. Hofstede ( 1985) defines power distance as “the extent to which the members of a society accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally” (p. Note that the VSM 2013 scale scores for power distance correlated at inadequate levels with the power distance scores from Hofstede Insights (2020) and Taras et al. Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases. Societies with a high power distance exhibit the existence of more. 4 This affects the way people function in their families, theirThe IDV measures the extent to which people look out for each other as a team or look out for themselves as an individual. The study is interesting because a project manager's understanding of these factors is vital for proposing strategies to manage projects effectively. This study examines factors affecting power distance in Singapore construction organizations. This dimension expresses the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed. The power distance index measures to which extent subordinates of companies or organisations accept and expect that power is unequally distributed. Power distance measures a degree to which less powerful members of organizations can. Masculinity Index. Power distance index measures the extents to which less powerful members of organization and institutions accept unequal distribution. ” In this dimension, inequality and power are perceived from the followers, or the lower level. of a society accept—even expect—power to be distributed unequally. However, it remains unclear how leader treatment may impact the way power distance-oriented individuals evaluate their social identities. Individualism 4. National Economics University. 3) Masculinity Versus Femininity. 1 ). The Power Distance Index is defined as “the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Countries with high power distance tend to use participative decision making. Terms in this set (11) Power distance. 1. In the table, we break Hofstede’s scores into high (70–100), medium (40–69), and low (0–39). Q 19: Power Distance Index measures _____. Power Distance. Power Distance Index (PDI) This dimension expresses the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. The Power Distance Index is a measure of the level of power and inequality within a society or organization. It is now available in fully-developed, ready-to-use culture-specific packages. 1. Uncertainty avoidance deals with a society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man’s search for Truth. " 3 He measures how people in different cultures accept and live with power relation ships through the Power Distance Index (PDI). On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. This is applicable not only within corporate structures but also within communities as a whole. Higher the acceptance and the expectation of power inequality, higher the power-distance. Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Power Distance Index measures _____________. They include: Malaysia (PDI of 100), the Philippines (PDI of 94), Russia (PDI of 93), China (PDI. Show transcribed image text. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. How is power distance measured? Power distance is typically measured using Hofstede's Power Distance Index (PDI), which assesses a society's level of power distance on a scale based on responses to survey questions related to authority and power distribution. Masculinity vs Femininity. Measures the tolerance of social inequality. The three items that compose the power distance index were non-managerial employees’ perception of the frequency of employees being afraid to express disagreement with the managers, subordinates perception of the boss’ decision-making style, and subordinates preference for boss’ decision-making style. It signifies inequality measured from below as opposed to above and suggests that it is endorsed by both followers and leaders (Hofstede, Dimensions, 2014). 2. Masculinity index It is a range of expectations and acquiescence on the unequal distribution of power, which is expressed by the members of the organization or the basic social structures, with less influence. The countries with the highest and lowest power distance scores are Malaysia (104) and Austria (11). The USA has a relatively low power distance index, indicating a more egalitarian society. In high power distance cultures, children are expected to support their parents when they are old. Ranked 6 of 26 for comprehensive power, with an overall score of 30. The power distance in The United States scores a 40 on the cultural scale. Power distance has to do with a cultures perception of the fair distribution of power. The Power Distance Index measures how a culture handles inequality. measures the tolerance of social inequality. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. Power Distance Index -Measures the tolerance of social inequality, that is, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. A society with a high Power Distance perpetuates and accepts inequalities amongst people while a low Power Distance dissuades differences in people’s power, wealth and status, and generally strives for. 2). 1. A businessperson from the United States was introduced to the president of a company in another country, and the businessperson immediately began treating the president as his equal. The following are types of power distance index: Vertical PDI. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low). d. The most commonly used measure for high power distance culture is the Power Distance Index (PDI), which was developed by Geert Hofstede. Measures the tolerance of social inequality, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system High: hierarchical, citing social roles, manipulation, and inheritance as sources of power and social statusPower Distance Index Measures the tolerance of social inequality, that is, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system * High PDI cultures tend to be hierarchical, with members citing social roles, manipulation, and inheritance as sources of power and social statusHofstede's Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful. Power distance Index Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Collectivism vs. Quantic Smartly MBA: Every detail you should know before taking this Free. Administrative science quarterly, 286-316. Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Key Takeaways The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power. Power Distance Index Uncertainty Avoidance Index Masculinity index. It represents inequality and a society’s expectations of its leaders. Hofstede’s initial six key dimensions include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and short vs. Australia is a middle power in Asia. The Power Distance Index (PDI) was created by Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede and is a ranked measure of power variations between groups or hierarchies. Through independent research over the coming decades, Hofstede revised his theories to include two additional dimensions of cultural values: long-term vs. Power Distance Index measures. The Power Distance Index (PDI) measures to what degree a country, organization, or institution accepts the distribution of power and authority; it can be measured through high, moderate, or low. ECONOMETRI 110. Power Distance "The extent to which the community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges" High power distance communities expect everyone to obey their leaders without question, regardless of the context they are in. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Although all cultures. This measurement can declare or reveal characteristics info relationships between bosses and subordinates around the world. Quantified by Hofstede as Power Distance Index (PDI), this dimen-sion of culture attempts to measure societal acceptance and expectations of unequal power relations between leaders and followers, bosses and subordinates, parents and children, and teachers and students (Hofstede, 2001: 80–83). The PDI ultimately provides evidence pf the extent to. Individuals from cultures high on power distance display pride more readily after an achievement, such as winning a medal in the Olympics d. China is the highest ranked country on two measures. 05 per minute for long distance phone calls. Hofstede developed a model that identifies four primary dimensions to assist in differentiating cultures: Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, and Uncertainty Avoidance. Power Distance "The extent to which the community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges" High power distance communities expect everyone to obey their leaders without question, regardless of the context they are in. It represents inequality being defined from below, not from above in a way that a society’s level of inequality is. Measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among. The quiz will test you on the history of Hofstede's Power Distance. In contrast, Denmark is considered to be a low power distance culture with a power distance index of 18. The Power Distance Index measures how people in different societies relate to more powerful individuals . Quantic Smartly MBA: Every detail you should know before. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Ethics, non-governmental organization (NGO) and more. The Power distance index measures the degree of hierarchy and focus of power and authority in the society House et al. Power Distance Index measures willingness of employees to be subservient towards authority, in India the PDI is 77 which is significantly high and compelling. 4 This affects the way people function in their families, their BA 302 Chapter 9. Individualism/ Collectivism Index. In line with this, the so–called Power Distance Index measures, as . Measures the tolerance of social inequality. (Power rests with superiors . PDI is a part of cultural dimensions theory, an attempt to quantify the differences in attitudes between cultures. The United States has a low power distance index, but other Western countries have even lower ones. Question topics include the developer's background and the importance of the power distance theory. Usually is present in such aspects of life as family, school, the workplace and the state. Power distance index measures the distribution of power and wealth between individuals in a business, culture, or nation. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. For example, in Germany percentage of power distance is 35% on the other side the percentage in. chosen as the central question for measuring power distance (Hofstede 2001: 53). The five dimensions of psychological power distance. High . asked Jun 13, 2019 in User Research Methods by parvinder. C) Perceptions of power are individual and generally not culture driven. Hofstede’s Power distance Index above measures “the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Your phone company charges a $3. The Power Distance Index is a term coined by professor Geert Hofstede, a Dutch social psychologist — and former IBM employee — who developed a framework for assessing the effect of national. Power Distance measures the distribution of power between the people in the nation and the businesses’ and culture. How is power distance measured? Power distance is typically measured using Hofstede's Power Distance Index (PDI), which assesses a society's level of power distance on a. 5 out of 100. It is a measure of social hierarchy and cultural. PDI is a part of cultural dimensions theory, an attempt to quantify the differences in attitudes between cultures. The power distance index, or PDI as abbreviated, consequently acts as a valuable tool in measuring different behavioral patterns amidst employees. The power-distance index (PDI) is a measurement of the acceptance of a hierarchy of power and wealth by the individuals who make up the general population of a nation, culture, or business. Measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society. 437). The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power and authority. expect formal hierarchies, authoritarian, Asian cultures. Ranked 2 of 26 for comprehensive power, with an overall score of 72. It represents inequality and a society’s expectations of its leaders. The power distance index – this measures the extent in which inequality and power. coordinate everyday interactions and special occasions. Power distance measures how much a culture has respect for authority. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Higher the acceptance and the expectation of power inequality, higher the power-distance. d. The quiz will test you on the history of Hofstede's Power Distance. In High Power Distance cultures, “inequality isIndividualism is the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. The distance-to-frontier method allows for different indicators to be made. The Power Distance Index measures the degree to which less powerful members of a society accept and expect unequal power distribution. Mgt. Masculinity index - Countries with low MAS-sex is more mutual and equitable - Countries with high MAS-sex is more self-centered. Originally power distance index was proposed by Hofstede in his cultural dimensions theory (Hofstede 1980). the extent to which a community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges. High power distance index indicates that a culture accepts inequity and power differences, and it encourages bureaucracy. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. A totalitarian regime has a high PDI, while a democracy has a low PDI. The fundamental issue here is how a society handles inequalities among people. regional or by demographics like gender, level of education, or income. It was developed by Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede and reflects the degree to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions within a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. It is used to measure the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within. Distance metrics are a key part of several machine learning algorithms. First off, power distance is often categorized as either high or low. >the degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture. Show transcribed image text. Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Russia and China are examples of high power distance countries with scores between 80 and 100. It refers to the degree to which members of a group or organization accept an uneven distribution of power amongst their members. Uncertainty Avoidance Index. This tendency makes us dependent on the diktats of. power distance index. (Hofstede, p. Therefore, we argue that. MEASURING POWER Executive summary The 2019 Lowy Institute Asia Power Index ranks 25 countries and territories in the Asia- Pacific in terms of their ability to exercise power. 1>The degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture The authority of the user over a product ***** Power Distance Index measures the degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders--Correct (1) - 5 It is a. Here are, in downloadable . collectivism. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. It further determines the degree to which the ordinary citizens or employees submit to the authority. View full document.